Cancer Statistics

The Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH&RC), Lahore, Pakistan, has a computerized cancer registry that is a data system created for the collecting, maintenance, and analysis of specific data on patients registered at the hospital. Since the hospital in Lahore opened its doors in December 1994, there has been a functioning hospital-based cancer registry. The Registry compiles annual cancer statistics by sex, age, region, topography, morphology, stage, grade, etc. The disorders were classified using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, from December 1994 to December 2003. The International Classification of Disease for Oncology, Third Edition (ICD-O-3) was adopted by the Registry in January 2004 to code cancer cases. To code cases of cancer and non-cancer in depth, the Registry additionally introduced the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) in 2013.

Patients included in this report include those registered at the centers affiliated with the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Trust and accessioned into the computerized cancer registry within the hospital information system in Lahore. The Karachi Diagnostic Centre (KDC) and two hospitals in Lahore and Peshawar known as the “Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre” are among the connected facilities. The oldest centre, SKMCH&RC Lahore, has been operating since December 29, 1994. SKMCH&RC Peshawar has been operating since December 29, 2015, while the KDC has been operating since 2010.

Results

A total of 127,929 neoplasms of which 8,443 were benign and 119,486 were malignant reported at SKMCH&RC and KDC during the past 28 years. Male and female distributions were found to be 46.9% and 53.1%, respectively. Approximately 90.3% of tumours were discovered in adults, compared to 8.7% in children.
Breast cancer, colon/rectum/anal canal/anus cancers, and lip/oral cavity cancers were the top three cancers across all age groups and for both sexes together. Adult females’ top three cancers were breast, ovarian, and uterine adnexa cancers, whereas adult males’ top three cancers were prostate, colon/rectum/anal canal/anus cancers, and lip/oral cavity cancers. The most common malignancies in children were Hodgkin lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In adults, regardless of gender, malignant neoplasm of the breast, colon/rectum/anal canal/anus cancers, and lip/oral cavity were established as the leading malignancies.
A total of 8,284 neoplasms, of which 903 were benign and 7,381 were malignant, were added to the Registry database in 2022. 159 (2.2%) of the 7,381 malignant cases were non-analytic, making up 7,222 (97.8%) of the total.
Breast, colon, colon/rectum/anal canal/anus cancers, and Hodgkin lymphoma were the top three cancers in all age ranges, both sexes combined. The most common cancers in adult men were colon/rectum/anal canal/anus cancers, prostate, and lip/oral cavity, whereas the most common malignancies in adult females were breast, colon/rectum/anal canal/anus cancers, and oesophagus. The most prevalent cancers in children were non-Hodgkin lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and Hodgkin lymphoma.
According to the Facility Oncology Revised Data Standards (FORDS) Revised for 2016, Class of Case 00,10,11,12, and 20 are considered analytical cases, but Classes of Case 30,31,32, and 33 are not. Analytical cases are included in treatment and survival analysis in the context of cancer registration, but non-analytical patients are often excluded from standard treatment or survival statistics.
All analytical cancer sites are staged by the Registry using the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition staging manual. According to TNM, tumours can be classified into stages 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, as well as unstageable and not relevant. 7.381 analytical cases were tiered into Stage 0, Stage I, Stage II, Stage III, and Stage IV, for a total of 1.1%, 13.9%, 27.9%, 26.2%, 17.2%, and 1.2% of cases, respectively. No AJCC stage was identified in 10.0% of patients, and 3.8% of cases could not be staged.1.0% of cases were in situ, 23.0% were localized, 44.3% were regional, and 20.5% were remote, according to the SEER Summary Staging Manual-2000 Codes and Coding guidelines. 11.2% of the cases did not specify the summary stage.

According to histological grading/differentiation/immunophenotype, 7.2% of cases were classified as Grade I, 30.6% as Grade II, 25.7% as Grade III, 1.9% as Grade IV, 0.3% as T-cell, 4.3% as B-cell, and 30.1% as having no grade/differentiation or immunophenotype, not mentioned, or not relevant.

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